Types of Diodes

A diode is a component that only conducts electricity in one direction. It is commonly used to convert from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

Several types of diodes exist. And it can be a bit confusing if you have never worked with diodes before.

I would like to share the most standard types of diodes that are commonly used by hobbyists.

The Most Standard Diodes

Rectifier Diode

The rectifier diode is typically used for rectifying alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). They can usually handle big currents and voltages. Sometimes referred to as power diodes.

Signal Diode

The signal diode works the same way as the rectifier diode. But it can only handle small currents and voltages. It is faster than the rectifier diode and is sometimes referred to as a high-speed diode.

The most typical signal diode is the 1N4148.

Zener Diode

The Zener diode is a component that will become very conductive (meaning that it will allow lots of current) for a certain voltage. This voltage is called the Zener voltage.

What this means is that the voltage drop over the Zener diode will not exceed the Zener voltage. The Zener diode is often used as a stable voltage reference.

Other Types of Diodes

Schottky Diode

The Schottky diode is very similar to a standard small-signal diode. The difference is that the Schottky diode has a lower voltage drop over its terminals. Normal diodes have about 0.7V voltage drop, but the Schottky has only 0.3V.

It is also much faster and is therefore often used in RF circuits.

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A light-emitting diode or LED is a diode that emits light when forward-biased. It is available in several different colors, even ultra-violet and infrared.

Photodiode

A photodiode is a diode that conducts when it detects light. Could be used to receive infrared signals from a remote control. Or to create a light sensor. Learn more about the photodiode and how it works in our beginner’s guide to the photodiode.