To be able to read schematics you must know the basic schematic symbols used in electronics. But you don’t need to memorize them all. To start with, it’s usually enough to know the battery, resistor, capacitor, transistor, diode, LED, and switch.
Later when you come across symbols you don’t know, you can come back here to identify what it is.
Below is an overview of the most used symbols in circuit diagrams.