I usually don’t use a lot of math when doing electronics, but Ohms law is extremely useful!
The law was found by Georg Ohm and is based on how voltage, current and resistance are related:
Look at the drawing above and see if it makes sense to you that:
- If you increase the voltage in a circuit while the resistance is the same, you get more current.
- If you increase the resistance in a circuit while the voltage stays the same, you get less current.
Ohm’s law is a way of describing the relationship between the voltage, resistance and current using math:
V = RI
- V is the symbol for voltage.
- I is the symbol for current.
- R is the symbol for resistance.
I use it VERY often. It is THE formula in electronics.
You can switch it around and get R = V/I or I = V/R. As long as you have two of the variables, you can calculate the last.
Ohm’s law triangle
You can use this triangle to remember Ohm’s law:
How to use it:
Use your hand to cover the letter you want to find. If the remaining letters are over each other, it means divide the top one with the bottom one. If they are next to each other, it means multiply one with the other.
Example: Voltage
Let’s find the formula for voltage:
Place your hand over the V in the triangle, then look at the R and the I. I and R are next to each other, so you need to multiply. That means you get:
V = I * R
Example: Resistance
Let’s find the formula for resistance:
Place your hand over the R. Then you’ll see that the V is over the I. That means you have to divide V by I:
R = V / I
Example: Current
Let’s find the formula for current:
Place your hand over the I. Then you’ll see the V over the R, which means divide V by R:
I = V / R
How to remember Ohms law
A simple way of remembering things is to make a stupid association with it so that you remember it because it’s so stupid.
So to help you remember Ohm’s law let me introduce the VRIIIIIIII! rule.
Pretend that your driving a your car really fast, then suddenly you hit the brakes really hard. What sound do you hear?
“VRIIIIIIIIIIII!”
And this way you can remember V=RI ;)
A practical example
The best way to teach how to use it is by example.
Below is a very simple circuit with a battery and a resistor. The battery is a 12 volt battery, and the resistance of the resistor is 600 Ohm. How much current flows through the circuit?
To find the amount of current, you can use the triangle above to the formula for current: I = V/R. Now you can calculate the current by using the voltage and the resistance:
I = 12 V/600 Ohm
I = 0.02 A = 20 mA (milli Ampere)
So the current in the circuit is 20 mA.
If you don’t like calculating things yourself, check out this calculator for Ohm’s law.
Another example
Let us try another example.
Below we have a circuit with a resistor and a battery again. But this time we don’t know the voltage of the battery. Instead we imagine that we have measured the current in the circuit and found it to be 3 mA (milli Ampere).
The resistance of the resistor is 600 Ohm. What is the voltage of the battery?
By remembering the “VRIIII!” rule, you get:
V = RI
V = 600 Ohm * 3 mA
V = 1.8 V
So the voltage of the battery must be 1.8 V.
Dipo says
Why didn’t you convert the 3mA to Ampere before evaluating in the second examlpe?
Dipo says
Kindly help remove my comments. Gosh! I suck at math.
admin says
I’m glad you figured it out =)
Oyvind
vamsi says
because if we covert 3mA to Amphere we have do a long process
jake says
Hey im new to the whole electronics thing was wondering if anyone could mentor me?
jake says
If so email me, [email protected]
Basharat ali says
i am interested in electronics
Abdul Latif says
Hi sir I like electronics kindly help me how to make a circuit on pcb is there any software for it?
Thanks.
admin says
Yes,
check out https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/pcb-design/
Cheers!
Oyvind
SnowBerry says
Hi. I am not so new to electronics but I didn’t have enough recourses to play around with the various components. Keep being awesome and make more interesting articles about electronics:D
admin says
Thanks!
SnowBerry says
Hello Øyvind! I am new to all of these concepts and I really need some help. I have considered joining a robotics club. Please keep on making awesome article about electronics!:D
admin says
Join the robotics club! It sounds awesome =)
Oyvind
Seair says
Hi. Hoping you can help.
I’m using three(3) 1.5V bulbs(not leds) running off of one(1) 1.5V AAA battery.
When I start with a brand new battery, the bulbs are nice and bright. However, after about 2 minutes, I can notice the bulbs all starting to get dimmer. They’re just about completely out after 30 minutes.
Would using resistors keep the bulbs burning at a more equal brightness from start to ending of the battery?
I believe they are wired in parallel. Would it matter if in series or parallel?
Thanks,
Seair
Mike says
The rate of discharge you are describing sounds more like a 3W 1.5V LED bulb. AAA batteries are rated 1.5V, with about 1200mAh. So a single 3W 1.5V bulb is going to draw a 2A current. Technically that would give you a 36 minute run time, but since 2A is such a high current for these batteries, the actual run time would be significantly less. Now add 2 more of these bulbs in the equation, for a total of three, and you would see them dimming almost immediately, a lot like how you described. As far as the circuit type, normally if three bulbs we’re to be wired in series they would be 1/3rd the brightness they normally are. However in this case, they probably wouldn’t work at all, because now your at 4.5 volts between the three of them. I would double check your bulb type. If they actually are regular incadseccent, then they are probably around 20-30ma bulb, which should run for at least an hour before noticeably dimming. If your wiring job is good, that leaves the batteries as the only other possible problem. For the most part you get what you pay for, when buying these type batteries.
Nick says
Stupid question, in the second example
we had a current, I, or .03 and a resistance of 600. Multiplied they give us 18. How do you know to make it 1.8 volts?
admin says
Hi Nick,
3 mA is 0.003 A (so you were lacking a zero ;)
Best,
Oyvind
Bunky says
Hi,
I am nerd in electronics, but I guess my maths is good.
If 1000mA = 1A
then 100mA = 0.1A
10mA = 0.01A
implicates
30mA = 0.03A
so howcome your statement, it is 30 mA is 0.003 A (so you were lacking a zero ????
Am so confused…
admin says
@Bunky;
Oooops! Sorry, that was a mistake by me. I’ve edited my comment now.
3 mA is 0.003A.
30 mA = 0.03A
Jean Paul MUTOMBO NSAPU says
600 x 3 = 1800
0r, 3 mA doit être convertit en Ampère donc, on aura 0,003 A
d’où le calcul est: 600 x 0,003 = 1.8v
ou 600 x3 = 1800
1800 divisé par 100 = 1.8v
louis says
Great little website ….really happy i found it
Bunky says
V = RI where V = 1 volt, R = 1 Ohms, I = 1 Ampere
========================================
Given example, R = 600 Ohms, I = 3 mili Ampere
1000mA = 1A, then 3mA = 0.003A
On putting the values
V = 600 (R) x 0.003 (I)
V = 1.8
:)
admin says
Exactly =)
ismaili seleman jafo says
its good and educated
vamsi says
because if we convert it it will be a long process
kiprono says
I am really new for electronics but i have a little ideas over this. my questions is under programming how can understand it? Am a first year pursuing computer science. my email is [email protected]
regards
Kenneth
Chris says
Nice site.
In your example, 12v batt and 600ohm resister, you determine current is .02 (20ma)
What if batt was a 3.7v battery (with say 3000mah)
admin says
Hey,
The 3000mah just tells you how much energy your battery can store. It doesn’t affect this calculation. So just switch 12V with 3.7V:
3.7V / 600 ohm = 0.006A = 6mA
Best,
Oyvind
Hudson Mesritz says
Can u please just write me a summary or something on this because i still don’t fully understand all of this. Actually can anyone describe ohms law better for me, thanks
admin says
Hey, let me know what you don’t understand and I’ll try to explain.
Best,
Oyvind
Oscar says
Ohms law states that the current (charges)moving through a conductor(wire) is directly proportional to the applied potential difference(volts) and inversely proportional to the resistance in the wire. This means as the voltage increases, the current increases hence the resistance is kept constant.
Amit says
Give me an example of electrical component which obeys ohm’s law
admin says
It’s not about components. It’s about how current, voltage and resistance relate to each other.
gayathri says
Hii! Ohms law explanation is very nice…
But I have a doubt that in Ohms law there is a direct relation between V & I (V is directly proportional to I).
P=VI
In this relation, its look like V is inverse to I
So, can you explain??
irshad says
you not convert mA into A
and resistor denoted by v
and in drawing v denoted by u
why?
I think second example is wrong
Akash says
Very Good Information & You Made it easy to learn….
MUNEER C says
Thanks.
It very useful than my physics class.
Now I can study electric after a long time of my school days.
Thanks , you are my teacher. ..
Louie says
Thank you, that explanation was simple yet very complete…before this I had no clue about ohms law, now I understand
Lucas says
What if resistance is 0? (If you dont have a resistor, for example). Does the voltage will be 0 too? Why?
admin says
I guess you are referring to the V=R*I form?
This gives you the voltage drop across the resistance you put into the formula. If the resistance is zero (like a wire), there will be no voltage drop across the wire, so yes, V becomes 0 in this case.
Best,
Oyvind
mavn divn says
AM NEW AT LEARNING ELECTRONIC. Am from scratch
is it possible to to find out about resistance,
if u have V (volts) and I (current)
how to find amount of RESISTANCE
admin says
It’s voltage divided by the current:
R=V/I
Best,
Oyvind
karen renfro says
I did not know anything before reading the material. I can see how voltage works and how you can use math is a asset.
eric says
Its been cool and by time ill be perfect.
Sahil Muhammed says
Mr. Øyvind, you are truly creative and amazing in teaching electronics. My journey towards electronics has become so easy and interesting because of you! Thank you!
Deepak kumar says
Give me an example of Kirchoff law
Jonathan B says
I’m still a little confused about voltage. Does it influence the speed at which electrons flow?
admin says
More voltage means more current if the resistance stays the same. More current means more electrons flowing.
Denis says
In Italy we use to remember this law with a sentence: “Vittorio Re d’Italia” (V=RI) which translated in English means: “Vittorio king of Italy”
Vittorio was in fact king of Italy in the past ahah.
I know this comment wasn’t necessary, but it’s fun
admin says
Thanks for sharing!
Electric Jankari says
thanks!
its very easy to understand.
ben says
Hi there, thanks for providing some examples for people to practice Ohm’s law. The first example is incorrect. milliamps is 10^-3 and centiamps is 10^-2. So technically 0.02 is 2cA right?
admin says
Hi Ben,
You’re right that 0.02A is 2cA – although “centi” is usually not used.
But 2 cA is the same as 20 mA.